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July 12, 2010 (VANCOUVER, BC) July 12, 2010 – WA2 Founder and CEO, Glenn Bailey, together with Andrew Chacko, Founder and President of Microclear Pure Water Systems Inc. announced today that their respective companies will be merging. The name for the combined companies will be WA2 Water Company Ltd.
“We are very excited about the merger with Microclear. They are an incredible company with a strong client base, great team and a strong sense of customer service,” said Glenn Bailey. “We have always admired WA2 and see them as the leading water purification brand in Western Canada. Combining Microclear’s office kitchen services with their market dominance in water purification is a positive development for our clients and team,” said Andrew Chacko.
In addition to water purification systems for homes and businesses, the combined company will offer companies a full range of office kitchen products including coffee, tea and other beverages. The corporate offices and distribution centre will be located in Vancouver, BC.
Founded by Glenn Bailey in 2001, WA-2 Water Company Ltd. is Western Canada’s leading water purification company servicing both residential and business clients in BC and Alberta. The company is headquartered in Vancouver, with regional offices in Victoria and Calgary.
Microclear Pure Water Systems Inc. was established in 1999 by Andrew Chacko. The company is focused on providing water purification and office kitchen products to clients in Metro Vancouver.
For more information please visit www.WA2.ca or www.microclear.ca
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June 01, 2010 Canadian researchers say they've discovered some bottled water in Canada contains more bacteria than what comes out of the tap -- although they won't reveal which brands are the culprits.
Researchers from C-crest Laboratories in Montreal bought and tested several different popular brands of bottled water and found many of them had heterotrophic bacteria counts that were "surprisingly high."
Heterotrophic bacteria require an organic carbon source in order to grow.
More than 70 per cent of popular brands they tested did not meet the standards set out by the United States Pharmacopeia, a non-governmental agency that sets safety standards for medications and health care products.
No more than 500 colony forming units (cfu) of bacteria per millilitre should be present in drinking water, according to the USP.
"Heterotrophic bacteria counts in some of the bottles were found to be in revolting figures of (100) times more than the permitted limit," said Sonish Azam, a researcher on the study, in a news release.
Some brands had as much as 70,000 cfu per millimetre, Azam said.
The average number of colony forming units in tap water samples they tested in order to compare results was 170 per millimetre, she said.
"Despite having the cleanest tap water, a large number of urban Canadians are switching over to bottled water for their daily hydration requirements," Azam said. "The consumer assumes that since bottled water carries a price tag, it is purer and safer than most tap water."
Although researchers didn't find any pathogens in the bottled water, they said the high bacteria counts mean Canadian regulations should be stricter, just in case.
The researchers, who work in a pharmaceutical lab, got the idea for the study after a fellow employee complained that their bottled water tasted bad and made them sick.
According to Azam, Health Canada hasn't set an allowable limit for heterotrophic bacteria in bottled water, and neither has the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Their intention is to change Canadian regulations, said researcher Ali Khamessan, and not point the at finger as specific companies.
Researchers presented their results Tuesday at the general meeting of the American Society for Microbiology in San Diego.
"Bottled water is not expected to be free from microorganisms but the [colony forming unit count] observed in this study is surprisingly very high," Azam said. "Therefore, it is strongly recommended to establish a limit for the heterotrophic bacteria count as well as to identify the nature of microorganisms present in the bottled water."
This kind of bacteria doesn't normally cause any disease in healthy people, but could make pregnant women, infants and the elderly sick, she said.
© Copyright (c) The Vancouver Sun
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April 27, 2010
Studies of water chlorination by-products have suggested a possible increased risk of bladder and colon cancers, as well as adverse reproductive and developmental effects such as increased spontaneous abortion rates and fetal anomalies. A workshop for an expert working group was convened to advise Health Canada on the need for further action. Participants were given background papers and a set of key questions to review prior to the meeting. At the workshop, experts presented an overview of what was known to date on water chlorination by-products from toxicologic studies, epidemiologic studies of cancer and adverse reproductive/developmental effects, and risk assessment. This paper summarizes the information provided in the background papers and presentations, describes the consensus arrived at regarding assessment of evidence for level of risk and presents a number of suggestions for future research.
A number of recent epidemiologic studies, including a 1995 study sponsored by Health Canada, have found a modest increase in the risk of bladder cancer among people who had drinking water that included high levels of chlorination by-products. Other studies of water chlorination by-products have suggested possible increased risks of colon and rectal cancers, as well as adverse reproductive and developmental effects, such as increased spontaneous abortion rates and fetal anomalies.Chlorination by-products are created as a result of water purification procedures that have been used for decades to prevent the spread of microbial disease. Chlorination has been hailed as one of the most important public health initiatives of the century. Thus, any examination of the need for further action regarding the human health risks from chlorination by-products must not compromise microbial disinfection. In Canada, the currently acceptable level of the most common by-products, the trihalomethanes (THMs), is 100 µg/L. Other disinfectants, such as chloramine and ozone, also create by-products. The toxicity of these by-products has not been extensively studied.
These concerns led the Laboratory Centre for Disease Control to question whether current Canadian policies on chlorination by-products should be re-examined in light of the evolving body of evidence on their risks. Subsequently, a meeting was held in Ottawa on May 1-2, 1997, with leading epidemiologists, toxicologists, public health specialists and water quality experts. The meeting's objectives were to obtain authoritative advice on cancer and reproductive risks associated with exposure to water chlorination by-products, to determine their likely importance for public health and to advise Health Canada on how to proceed.
A three-step process was undertaken to meet the objectives. Participants were given background papers and a set of key questions to review prior to the meeting. At the workshop, experts presented an overview of what was known to date on water chlorination by-products from toxicologic studies, epidemiologic studies of cancer and adverse reproductive/developmental effects, and risk assessment. Following this, participants responded to key questions and arrived at conclusions and recommendations.
This paper summarizes the information provided in the background papers and presentations, describes the consensus arrived at regarding assessment of evidence for level of risk and presents suggestions for future research.
Toxicology
Richard J Bull
Chlorination of drinking water is the most cost-effective means to prevent the spread of waterborne infections and has been a common public health method for almost a century. In 1974, a major class of chlorination by-products, the trihalomethanes (THMs), was identified as occurring in much higher concentrations in chlorinated water than in source water. THMs are produced from the interaction of chlorine with naturally occurring organic materials.
The many by-products produced by water chlorination have been classified broadly as halogenated or non-halogenated by-products (Table 1). The most commonly occurring halogenated by-products are the THMs; within this group of compounds, chloroform is the by-product found most frequently and at the highest concentrations. A second commonly occurring class of by-products is the haloacetic acids, which include dichloroacetic acid (DCA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA). Non-halogenated by-products are generally natural substrates or metabolites.
The major determinant of by-product concentration is the level of organic material in the source water. For this reason, water facilities that derive their water from surface waters (lakes, rivers, reservoirs) produce water with higher levels of by-products than facilities that draw from ground waters (wells, springs). After chlorination, THM concentrations range from 30 to 150 µg/L in surface water, and from 1 to 10 ##181;g/L in ground waters. The type and quantity of by-products formed is determined by the amount and character of organic material, as well as the ambient pH and bromide concentration in the water.
Animal Studies of Carcinogenesis
A comprehensive toxicologic assessment of chlorination by-products has been difficult due to the many by-products involved and the different modes of action that may result in carcinogenesis. To date, animal studies have focused on by-products with the greatest human exposure or toxicologic concern (Table 2). As a result, the most frequent tumour type observed was liver cancer; this was found in mice and rats after exposure to THMs as well as haloacetates.
The mechanism of cancer induction appears to vary with different by-products and different species. Chloroform, for example, seems to cause cancer by a non-genotoxic (or epigenetic) mechanism and only after massive exposure. Some cancers were species-specific; for example, trichloroacetate produced liver cancer in mice, but not rats. Furthermore, liver cancer from chlorinated by-products has never been found in humans. This suggests that by-products cause liver cancer either through mechanisms that are species-specific or from exposure levels that are much higher than current standards.
Some of the rarer THMs-such as bromodichloro- methane-induce colon cancer in mice. Dibromoacetate has been associated with the development of aberrant crypt foci in the distal colon of rats. These findings are of particular interest because colon cancer has been associated with exposure to high levels of THMs in some epidemiologic studies.
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April 19, 2010 "I can’t stand the strong flavour of chlorine and it is very hard in flavour," Poteraro told The Sun. The chef and owner of Cioppino’s Mediterranean Grill suspects that high calcium content may be to blame. That may change when Metro Vancouver's new Seymour-Capilano water filtration plant opens in May.
But for now, he opts for flat bottled water served at room temperature, but he will serve tap water to guests at his Yaletown restaurant if they want it. Diners can also choose from bottled waters, but glass bottles, not plastic. "The glass ones are more eco-friendly and better for the environment."
A la cucina, Posteraro will boil pasta in tap water, but that’s about it. Tap water ruins the texture of sherbets and ice creams, he says. For dressings, it is mineral water to aid emulsification. Pastries are made with Monteforte still spring water from Italy’s Appennini Mountains.
As a boy, Posteraro used to walk several kilometres to get water from the spring near his home in Calabria, he recalled. You can take the boy out of Italy, but not Italy out of the boy.
At Elixir, plain tap water is fine for a basic chicken stock, but executive chef Don Letendre will have staff hike downstairs to fetch Opus Hotel’s triple-filtered water for higher end applications such as the Japanese bonito and seaweed stock called dashi.
"It makes a cleaner and clearer stock," said Letendre. "But when you have 25 pounds of chicken bones you just want to get your stock on, it’s tap water."
He doesn’t discourage bottled water sales, but serves it only in glass. Diners are routinely served tap water in the restaurant. Bottles of water for hotel customers are filled from the triple-filtered system.
Letendre and Posteraro both have filtration systems built in to their homes.
Elixir sommelier Van Doren Chan loves Vancouver’s tap water: "That’s all I drink."
Except for wine, of course.
"We are so lucky to have such a wonderful source of water in our own backyard, we should treasure it," said Chan, who thinks our tap water is probably cleaner than some bottled waters, plus she hates the waste that goes along with drinking bottled water.
Metro’s finest tap water has a fan in Refuel chef and owner Robert Belcham: "I think we have extremely good tap water, some of the best in the world. I drink it all the time."
Refuel serves carbon-neutral bottled water to guests that want it, but every guest gets a glass of local tap water, free.
For everyday cooking, chef Belcham says tap water is fine, except for the house-made fermented sausage. Even a hint of chlorine can affect the fermentation.
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November 26, 2009 TORONTO, May 12, 2009 — As part of the RBC Blue Water Project, RBC today announced its support for the launch of Imagine H20, a new innovation challenge, with $50,000 USD in prizes for business plans promising the greatest breakthroughs in the efficient use of water.
The annual Imagine H20 Prize will encourage the competitive and ambitious spirits of entrepreneurs, investors, experts, inventors and academics around the world to focus their energies on water issues.
While the cash prize will incent participation, it's only the beginning. "What sets this prize apart is our Incubator Program and 'ecosystem' for water leaders," said Tamin Pechet, Imagine H20's Chairman and Executive Director, who co-founded the organization at Harvard Business School in 2007. "The winners will also receive thousands of dollars in business and legal support and access to a network of partners, customers and financiers to help bring their ideas to market so they can make a real difference."
"RBC is proud to be a founding sponsor of this important competition," said Gordon Nixon, President and CEO of RBC, Canada's largest bank and one of North America's leading diversified financial services companies. "Water is the problem of the ages, and clearly, there is a role for business in offering innovative solutions to the challenge of improving the efficiency of water usage."
The competition's inaugural prize will focus on water efficiency in agriculture, commercial, industrial or residential applications, such as water demand reduction, improved water use, water recycling and/or reuse. Future years' competitions will have different prize topics addressing other critical water problems.
The global competition is open to anyone, and entries will be accepted starting in September 2009. Winners will be announced in early 2010.
Two-thirds of the world's people may be living in water-stressed conditions by 2025, according to the UN Environment Program. "Few realize the severity and escalation of water problems in the developed world as well as in developing countries," said Pechet.
The RBC Blue Water Project is a 10-year commitment to help foster a culture of water stewardship worldwide. RBC supports charitable organizations that protect watersheds and ensure access to clean drinking water through a $50-million grant program. RBC also promotes responsible water use with its employees and clients, and encourages the growth of North American businesses that develop and commercialize innovative solutions to the water issues facing the world.
Royal Bank of Canada (RY on TSX and NYSE) and its subsidiaries operate under the master brand name RBC. We are Canada's largest bank as measured by assets and market capitalization, one of North America's leading diversified financial services companies and among the largest banks in the world, as measured by market capitalization. We provide personal and commercial banking, wealth management services, insurance, corporate and investment banking and transaction processing services on a global basis. We employ more than 80,000 full- and part-time employees who serve more than 18 million personal, business, public sector and institutional clients through offices in Canada, the U.S. and 52 other countries. For more information, please visit rbc.com.
For information about the Imagine H20 Innovation Challenge, visit www.imagineH20.org.
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November 15, 2009 WASHINGTON (November 15, 2009) – Ten popular U.S. bottled water brands contain mixtures of 38 different pollutants, including bacteria, fertilizer, Tylenol and industrial chemicals, some at levels no better than tap water, according to laboratory tests recently conducted by Environmental Working Group (EWG).Walmart‘s Sam’s Choice at several locations contained contaminants exceeding California’s bottled water quality standards and safety levels for carcinogens under the state’s Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act. Giant Food’s Acadia brand consistently retained the high levels of cancer-causing chlorination byproducts found in the suburban Washington DC tap water from which it is made.
Overall, the test results strongly indicate that the purity of bottled water cannot be trusted.
“It’s buyer beware with bottle water,” said Jane Houlihan, Vice President for Research at EWG. “The bottled water industry promotes its products as pure and healthy, but our tests show that pollutants in some popular brands match the levels found in some of the nation’s most polluted big city tap water systems. Consumers can’t trust that what’s in the bottle is anything more than processed, pricey tap water.”
“For years the bottled water industry has marketed their product with the message that it is somehow safer or purer than tap water,” said Wenonah Hauter, executive director of the non-profit consumer advocacy group Food & Water Watch. “This new report provides even more evidence that the purity of bottled water is nothing more than a myth propagated to trick consumers into paying thousands times more for a product than what it is actually worth.”
Laboratory tests conducted for EWG at one of the country’s leading water
quality laboratories found 38 contaminants in ten brands of bottled water purchased from grocery stores and other retailers in nine states and the District of Columbia. The pollutants identified include common urban wastewater pollutants like caffeine and pharmaceuticals, an array of cancer-causing byproducts from municipal tap water chlorination, heavy metals and minerals including arsenic and radioactive isotopes, fertilizer residue and a broad range of industrial chemicals. Four brands were also contaminated with bacteria.Unlike tap water, where consumers are provided with test results every year, the bottled water industry does not disclose the results of any contaminant testing that it conducts. Instead, the industry hides behind the claim that bottled water is held to the same safety standards as tap water. But with promotional campaigns saturated with images of mountain springs, and prices 1,000 times the price of tap water, consumers are clearly led to believe that they are buying a product that has been purified to a level beyond the water that comes out of the garden hose.
Americans paid $12 billion to drink 9 billion gallons of bottled water last year alone. Yet, as EWG tests show, several bottled waters bore the chemical signature of standard municipal water treatment -- a cocktail of fluoride, chlorine and other disinfectants whose proportions vary only slightly from plant to plant. In other words, some bottled water was chemically almost indistinguishable from tap water. The only striking difference: the price tag. The typical cost of a gallon of bottled water is $3.79 – 1,900 times the cost of a gallon of public tap water.
Unlike public water utilities, bottled water companies are not required to notify their customers of the presence of contaminants in the water, or, in most states, to tell their customers where the water comes from, how it is purified, and if it is spring water or merely bottled tap water. Given the industry's refusal to make available data to support their claims of superiority, consumer confidence in the purity of bottled water is simply not justified.
The bottle water industry has also contributed to one of the biggest environmental problems facing the world today. Only one-fifth of the bottles produced by the industry are recycled. The remaining four-fifths pile up at landfills, litter our neighborhoods and foul our oceans. About halfway between Hawaii and California, an area twice the size of Texas is awash in millions of plastic water bottles and other indestructible garbage.
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EWG is a nonprofit research organization based in Washington, DC that uses the power of information to protect human health and the environment.
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November 09, 2009 -
November 02, 2009
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November 01, 2009 Issued by - City of Vancouver
As a result of extremely heavy rains that have fallen on the steep mountains above Metro Vancouver’s water supply lakes, some consumers may notice that tap water will become cloudy or coloured within the next 24 hours. Cloudiness, or turbidity, occurs when sediment or organic material is washed into the region’s reservoirs by the runoff from heavy rainfall. As turbidity increases, statistical studies have indicated there is the potential for an increase in gastrointestinal illness.
Disinfection levels have been increased as a precaution and Metro Vancouver continues to monitor water quality closely. In anticipation of increased turbidity, all residents may wish to set aside a supply of tap water in containers. Water quality updates will be posted to Metro Vancouver's website - www.metrovancouver.org.
For more information on week
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September 08, 2009 ctvbc.ca
When it comes to flooding --you'd think the biggest problem for BC homeowners would be water coming in from outside. But it turns out a broken pipe inside the home is more likely to cause damage.
Helena Dolan of Intact Insurance says water damage from a leaking or broken pipe-- is a big problem.
"We've seen claims where the entire house has to be gutted," she said.
It's a 140 million dollar per year bill for Canada's insurance companies. The average water damage claim in BC is $14,000.
"A majority of water damage claims could be reduced if not prevented entirely," Dolan said.
Vern Milani a Plumber says the most common leaks are usually underneath kitchen or bathroom sinks, toilet supply hoses, washing machine hoses and hot water tanks.
Milani rigged up some typical leaks - from the slow to the dramatic - to show us what can happen around your home. The Water Guardian detects small amounts of water and then electronically shuts off the main water supply in the house.
You install them where ever leaks can happen. We tested one sensor with a few squirts from a spray bottle and it was enough to shut off the water and prevent a flood.
"Just a little drop of water onto the sensors will set them off," Milani said.
The Water Guardian is not the only system a Watts brand detects leaks at hot water tanks shutting off the water and the gas or electricity on electric tanks.
The "Flood Stopper" can shut off water with even a tiny amount on the tip of my finger.
Cost of a typical system including installation is around $500 dollars. And if you install one of these systems you may qualify for an insurance discount of up to 10 per cent. Check your company or broker. And remember -- while damage can be repaired -- not everything is replaceable.
"Your family photos and the grandfather clock that has been passed down through generations," Dolan said.
A water detection system can protect the irreplaceable
With a report from CTV British Columbia's Chris Olsen
Check out WA-2!'s Water Guardian Leak Protection under our products page and product your assets!
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July 30, 2009 Sampling Plan and Analytical Methodology
In this survey, samples of 54 different bottled water products marketed under 21 brands by 16 companies were purchased in a local store in Ottawa in April 2008. These products covered a variety of water types, such as spring, mineral, flavoured, carbonated and non-carbonated. These products came in various types of containers including glass, metal, high density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PETE) and polycarbonate. In addition, samples from two different brands of bottled water products in polycarbonate carboys in the office area (delivered directly by the producers) were also analysed for BPA. Containers of all polycarbonate bottled water products were the 18.5-L polycarbonate carboys.
The method based on isotope dilution headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by GC-MS analysis2, developed previously by Health Canada, was used to analyse water samples for the presence of BPA in 56 bottled water products sold in Canada. The method detection limit was 0.5 µg/L*. A total of 68 samples from the 56 bottled water products were collected, and two subsamples from each sample were analysed. The results shown in Table 13 are the average of the two analyses.
Notes:
- Bottled water samples were tested as consumed.
- It should be noted that the absence of any particular brand from this survey means only that the brand was not included in the survey. No particular inference should be drawn from the presence or absence of any brand.
- Samples represent a "snapshot" of the market at the time of sampling and do not represent market share. Product names and availability correspond to the time of sampling and may not represent current products on the market. Differences between brands do not necessarily reflect differences in consumer exposure to BPA.
- The results shown in Table 13 are generated for research purposes and should not be used to indicate the distribution of bisphenol A in bottled water products or as indices of good product choices for consumers.
BPA Levels in Bottled Water Products
Table 13 summarizes the levels of BPA determined in samples of the bottled water products. Levels of BPA in samples from all 51 non-polycarbonate bottled water products were less than the method detection limit of 0.5 µg/L*. BPA was detected in 13 of 17 samples from 4 of the 5 different polycarbonate bottled water products. Concentrations of BPA ranged from 0.50 to 8.82 µg/L*, with an average of 1.5 µg/L*. Since migration of BPA from polycarbonate containers into water at room temperature is very slow, it is likely that the products with higher BPA levels were exposed to heat (e.g. under the sun) during storage, and / or transportation.
Health Significance of the Survey Results
In March, 2008, Health Canada's Food Directorate completed a Health Risk Assessment of BPA from Food Packaging Applications+ to determine exposure estimates to BPA. Health Canada's Food Directorate has concluded that:
- The current dietary exposure to BPA through food packaging is not expected to pose a health risk to the general population, including newborns and young children.
- In view of uncertainties related to datasets on possible neurodevelopmental and behavioural effects that BPA may have in experimental animals, Health Canada's Food Directorate has recommended that precaution be exerted on products consumed by the sensitive subset of the population, i.e. infants and newborns, by applying the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) principle to reduce their exposure to BPA through food packaging applications.
Other international food regulatory agencies - notably in the United States, Europe, the United Kingdom and Australia-New Zealand - have reviewed the Health Risk Assessment of Bisphenol A from Food Packaging Applications+, prepared by Health Canada's Food Directorate, and have confirmed that the conclusions reached are supported by the current scientific evidence as described in the document.
The provisional tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 25 μg/kg body weight/day has been pre-established by Health Canada as a conservatively safe level for BPA presence in food and was confirmed in the 2008 Health Risk Assessment of BPA from Food Packaging Applications+.
The contribution of BPA levels in bottled water to the overall exposure is negligible for the general population, and the consumption of water from polycarbonate carboys does not pose a safety concern.
Based on the average BPA level found in polycarbonate bottled water products (1.5 µg/L*), an adult (60 kg body weight) would have to consume approximately 1000 L of bottled water from polycarbonate carboys in one day to approach the TDI set by Health Canada's Food Directorate. For the specific population who consume water packaged only in polycarbonate carboys, the exposure to BPA would increase from 0.18 to 0.22 µg/kg body weight assuming an average of 1.5 µg/L* of BPA in polycarbonate bottled water and an average daily water consumption of 1.5 L.
The results of this survey clearly indicate that exposure to BPA through the consumption of bottled water would be extremely low. The low levels of BPA found in polycarbonate bottled water products available for sale in Canada confirm Health Canada's previous assessment conclusion that the current dietary exposure to BPA through food packaging uses is not expected to pose a health risk to the general population.
Table 1: Concentrations (µg/L) of BPA in bottled water products as consumed
- It should be noted that the absence of any particular brand from this survey means only that the brand was not included in the survey. No particular inference should be drawn from the presence or absence of any brand.
- Samples represent a "snapshot" of the market and do not represent market share. Product names and availability correspond to the time of sampling and may not represent current products on the market. Differences between brands do not necessarily reflect differences in consumer exposure to BPA.
- The results shown in the table are exploratory and should not be used to indicate the distribution of bisphenol A in bottled water products or as indices of good product choices for consumers.
Container Type Brand Name / Producer Product Name Country or Province of Origin Container Size (L) BPA Concentration (ug/L) Can Nestle Waters Canada Perrier Carbonated Natural Spring Water France 0.33 Glass Loblaws Inc. President's Choice Splendido Lightly Carbonated Natural Mineral Water Italy 0.75 President's Choice Carbonated Natural Spring Water Italy 0.75 President's Choice Lime Flavoured Natural Spring Water Italy 0.75 Nestle Waters Canada S.Pellegrino Carbonated Natural Mineral Water Italy 0.75 S.Pellegrino Carbonated Natural Mineral Water Italy 0.25 Perrier Lime Carbonated Spring Water France 0.75 Perrier Natural Spring Water France 0.75 Perrier Lemon Carbonated Spring Water France 0.75 Santa Maria Food Corp Toronto San Benedetto Carbonated Natural Spring Water Italy 0.75 Tree of Life, Mississauga Apollinaris Classic Naturally Carbonated Mineral Water Germany 1 HDPE Loblaws Inc. Real Canadian Natural Spring Water Ontario 4 President's Choice Natural Spring Water Ontario 10 Polycarbonate Aquaterra Corporation Labrador Source Natural Spring Water Quebec 18.5 0.86 Culligan of Brockville Culligan Demineralized Water, Bottle 1 Canada 18.5 8.82 Culligan Demineralized Water, Bottle 2 Canada 18.5 6.52 Culligan Demineralized Water, Bottle 3 Canada 18.5 0.8 Culligan Demineralized Water, Bottle 4 Canada 18.5 Culligan Demineralized Water, Bottle 5 Canada 18.5 0.79 Culligan Demineralized Water, Bottle 6 Canada 18.5 1.09 Culligan Demineralized Water, Bottle 7 Canada 18.5 0.5 Loblaws Inc. President's Choice Natural Spring Water Non Carbonated Quebec 18.5 0.67 President's Choice Distilled Water Canada 18.5 LPCS Carleton Place,ON Water Life Purely for the Taste Natural Spring Water, Bottle 1 Ontario 18.5 0.98 Water Life Purely for the Taste Natural Spring Water, Bottle 2 Ontario 18.5 Water Life Purely for the Taste Natural Spring Water, Bottle 3 Ontario 18.5 1.4 Water Life Purely for the Taste Natural Spring Water, Bottle 4 Ontario 18.5 0.63 Water Life Purely for the Taste Natural Spring Water, Bottle 5 Ontario 18.5 Water Life Purely for the Taste Natural Spring Water, Bottle 6 Ontario 18.5 0.64 Water Life Purely for the Taste Natural Spring Water, Bottle 7 Ontario 18.5 0.59 PETE Aquaterra Corporation Canadian Springs Distilled Water Quebec 4 Canadian Springs Natural Spring Water Quebec 8 Coca-Cola Company Dasani Remineralized Water Ontario 1 Dasani Remineralized Water Ontario 0.5 Dasani Natural Lemon Flavoured Water Beverage Ontario 0.5 Danone Waters of Canada Inc. Evian Natural Spring Water France 1.5 Evian Natural Spring Water France 0.33 DNW/EDN Silhouette Danone Lemon Spring Water Based Beverage Quebec 1 Silhouette Danone Pink Grapefruit Green Tea Spring Water Based Beverage Quebec 1 Naya Aquakids Natural Spring Water Quebec 0.33 Elco Fine Foods Inc. Gerolsteiner Naturally Sparkling Mineral Water Germany 1 Ice River Springs Water Co. Inc. Ice River Springs Natural Spring Water Ontario 0.5 Loblaws Inc. Real Canadian Natural Spring Water Ontario 1.5 President's Choice Free & Clear Golden Peach Sparkling Water Beverage Ontario 1 President's Choice Free & Clear Tangerine Lime Sparkling Water Beverage Ontario 1 President's Choice Free & Clear Berries of the Woods Sparkling Water Beverage Ontario 1 President's Choice Free & Clear Key Lime Sparkling Water Beverage Ontario 1 President's Choice Free & Clear Blackcurrant Cassis Sparkling Water Beverage Ontario 1 President's Choice Free & Clear Black Cherry Sparkling Water Beverage Ontario 1 President's Choice Orange Mist Flavoured Water Beverage Ontario 0.5 President's Choice Strawberry Mist Flavoured Water Beverage Ontario 0.5 President's Choice Natural Spring Water Ontario 1.5 Majestic North Group Inc. Nateczowianka Natural Mineral Water Poland 1.5 Metro Brands Master Choice Carbonated Natural Spring Water Quebec 1 Nestle Waters Canada Montclair Natural Spring Water Ontario 0.71 Pure Life Sparkling Original Carbonated Spring Water Maine,USA 1 Pure Life Sparkling Lime Carbonated Spring Water USA 1 Pure Life Natural Spring Water Ontario 1.5 Perrier Carbonated Natural Mineral Water France 0.5 Pepsico Inc. Aquafina Citrus Blend Naturally Flavoured Water Beverage Ontario 0.5 Pepsi-QTG Canada Aquafina Raspberry Naturally Flavoured Water Beverage Ontario 0.5 Aquafina Berry Burst Naturally Carbonated Water Beverage Ontario 0.5 Propel Gatorade Vitamin Enhanced Water Ontario 0.5 Pepsi-Cola Canada Ltd Aquafina Demineralized Treated Water Ontario 1.5 Santa Maria Food Corp Toronto Naturale San Benedetto Mineral Water Italy 0.5 Naturale San Benedetto Natural Spring Water Italy 1.5 Frizzante San Benedetto Carbonated Natural Spring Water Italy 1.5 S&F Food Importers Inc. Jordanka Sparkling Natural Mineral Water Poland 1.5 1 Cao, Xu-Liang and Corriveau, Jeannette (2008) 'Survey of bisphenol A in bottled water products in Canada', Food Additives and Contaminants: Part B, 1:2, 161 - 164.
2 Xu-Liang Cao and Jeannette Corriveau. Determination of Bisphenol A in Water by Isotope Dilution Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Without Derivatization. J. AOAC Intern., 2008, 91, 622-629.
3 The data contained in this document was published in peer-reviewed literature: Cao, Xu-Liang and Corriveau, Jeannette. Survey of Bisphenol A in Bottled Water Products in Canada, Food Additives and Contaminants: Part B Vol. 1, No. 2, December 2008, 161-164.
* 1 µg/L is equivalent to 0.000001 g/L or 1 part per billion (ppb)
+ Health Risk Assessment of Bisphenol A from Food Packaging Applications. ISBN: 978-0-662-48686-2.





